MHC polymorphism under host-pathogen coevolution

By J. Borghans, J. Beltman, R. J. Boer. Immunogenetics, 2004

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MHC diversity in bottlenecked populations: a simulation model (2011, methodology): “This eliminates heterozygote advantage (Borghans et al. 2004), but causes a decrease in the number of gene copies segregating in a population.”
Evolutionary Causes and Consequences of Immunopathology (2005, background): “…of defense that are based upon recognition of parasites by the immune system aim to interpret immunoheterogeneity (Hedrick 2002)—to explain high diversity of MHC alleles, for example, via heterozygote and/or rare allele advantage (Apanius et al. 1997, Borghans et al. 2004, McClelland et al. 2003).”
Passerine MHC: genetic variation and disease resistance in the wild (2007, background): “leading hypothesis for the diversity of the MHC is that there is an ongoing evolutionary arms race between the pathogens in the environment and the MHC genes of their hosts (Potts and Wakeland 1990; Borghans et al. 2004).”
The evolutionary ecology of the major histocompatibility complex (2006, background): “Mechanistic models have shown that negative frequency-dependent selection can retain a large number of MHC alleles in flux (Borghans et al, 2004).”