Patent Protection, Market Uncertainty, and R&D Investment

By Dirk Czarnitzki, Andrew A. Toole. Review of Economics and Statistics, 2006

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R&D Determinants: accounting for the differences between research and development (2014, unknown): “, 2010; Czarnitzki and Toole, 2011).”
Tobit models in strategy research: Critical issues and applications (2019, methodology): “As suggested by Czarnitzki and Toole (2011), if we have the model yit = max(0; xit*β + ci + μit), where ci is the unobserved firm-specific effect, and assume that ci is equal to zero, the model can be estimated as a pooled cross-sectional Tobit estimator (with clustered standard errors).”
The Bright Side of Political Uncertainty: The Case of R&D (2015, background): “Goel and Ram (2001) consider a panel of OECD countries to show that inflation rate uncertainty tends to reduce aggregate R&D investment.”
Innovation processes in family firms: the relevance of organizational flexibility (2016, methodology): “The use of CIS data has a long-standing tradition in innovation economics (Cassiman and Veugelers 2002; Belderbos et al. 2004; Czarnitzki and Toole 2011) and recently also in management (Laursen and Salter 2006; Leiponen and Helfat 2010; Klingebiel and Rammer 2014).”