Enceladus: An Active Cryovolcanic Satellite

By J. Spencer, A. C. Barr, Larry W. Esposito, P. Helfenstein, A. P. Ingersoll, Ralf Jaumann, Christopher McKay, F. Nimmo, J. Waite. 2009

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The pH of Enceladus’ ocean (2015, background): “…or a global ocean seems unlikely (but not impossible) because the heavily cratered north has been less geologically active than the south (Spencer et al., 2009), and their morphological differences can be attributed to the absence of a subsurface ocean and associated tidal heating in the…”
Enceladus: An Active Ice World in the Saturn System (2013, background): “Measurements of the thermal emission show that surface temperatures within the troughs reach at least 180 K over regions tens of meters wide along the length of the tiger stripes (Spencer et al. 2009, 2011).”
Enceladus's measured physical libration requires a global subsurface ocean (2015, background): “Surface geology indicates past episodes of tectonic and thermal activity somewhat similar to that in the present SPT that are approximately centered on the leading point (0°N, 90°W) and trailing point (0°N, 270°W) (Spencer et al. 2009; Crow-Willard and Papalardo 2015).”
The composition and structure of the Enceladus plume (2011, methodology): “From the “tiger stripe” fissures’ surface temperature measured by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) of at least 170 K [Spencer et al., 2009] the gas thermal velocity is estimated to be at least 450 m/s. (To calculate flux we assume a Maxwell distribution such that the thermal velocity is…”