Seismo electromagnetics : lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling

By 早川正士, O. Molchanov. 2002

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VLF/LF Radio Sounding of Ionospheric Perturbations Associated with Earthquakes (2007, background): “Keywords: Ionospheric perturbations, VLF/LF radio sounding, earthquake prediction”
Electron and ion density variations before strong earthquakes (M>6.0) using DEMETER and GPS data (2010, methodology): “, 2002; Hayakawa and Molchanov, 2002; Pulinets et al., 2003; Namgaladze et al., 2009). In vicinity of the equatorial anomaly, a zonal component can be generated using the mechanism proposed in Pulinets (2009). In spite of several reports published before launch of DEMETER satellite, the database col”
Seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies observed before the 12 May 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake (2009, background): “Recently, anomalous variations in the ionospheric F2 peak electron density NmF2 recorded by ionosondes and the total electron content (TEC) derived by ground-based receivers of the global positioning system (GPS) appearing before earthquakes have received considerable discussions [Liu et al., 2000, ”
A statistical investigation of preearthquake ionospheric anomaly (2006, background): “Recently, seismoionospheric phenomena have received considerable discussions [Hayakawa and Molchanov, 2002; Liu et al., 2004].”