Ethylene: potential key for biochar amendment impacts

By K. Spokas, J. Baker, D. Reicosky. Plant and Soil, 2010

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A review of biochars' potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils. (2011, background): “Spokas et al. (2010) showed that the biocharderived plant hormone ethylene (C2H4) may be responsible for some of the beneficial effects to plants observed due to biochar amendment.”
Biochar effects on soil biota – A review (2011, background): “Recently, ethylene found to be generated by fresh biochars may be linked to decreases in N2O production (Spokas et al., 2010).”
Biochar: a synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration. (2012, background): “A number of explanations for these impacts have been off ered, such as biochar sorption, including the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can inhibit or stimulate microbial mineralization reactions or aff ect plant–microbial interactions (Graber et al., 2010; Spokas et al., 2010), va”
More plant growth but less plant defence? First global gene expression data for plants grown in soil amended with biochar (2015, background): “There remains limited understanding of how enhanced crop growth is achieved, but improved water and nutrient retention, increased soil pH, effects on soil microbes and ethylene production have all been proposed to have a role (Lehmann & Joseph, 2009; Sohi et al., 2010; Spokas et al., 2010).”