Many-particle entanglement with Bose–Einstein condensates

By Anders Søndberg Sørensen, Luming Duan, I. Cirac, Peter Zoller. Nature, 2000

748 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The possibility of creating and manipulating entangled states of systems of many particles is of significant interest for quantum information processing; such a capability could lead to new applications that rely on the basic principles of quantum mechanics. So far, up to four atoms have been entangled in a controlled way. A crucial requirement for the production of entangled states is that they can be considered pure at the single-particle level. Bose–Einstein condensates fulfil this requirement; hence it is natural to investigate whether they can also be used in some applications of quantum information. Here we propose a method to achieve substantial entanglement of a large number of atoms in a Bose–Einstein condensate. A single resonant laser pulse is applied to all the atoms in the condensate, which is then allowed to evolve freely; in this latter stage, collisional interactions produce entanglement between the atoms. The technique should be realizable with present technology.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/29082eb4358ba720ccb32d5cd0c3fd5add2df822

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Citations in the corpus

Advances in quantum metrology (2011, neutral): “In the atomic literature, where |a〉 and |b〉 refer to different atomic levels, |ψ 0 〉 often is referred to as “spin-squeezed state” [42, 43] or “Schrödinger-cat state” [44–46].”
Colloquium: Trapping and manipulating photon states in atomic ensembles (2003, background): “Of particular relevance are effects involving strong correlations of atomic ensembles in traps (Pu and Meystre, 2000; Sørensen et al., 2001) and optical lattices (Greiner et al., 2002; Orzel et al., 2001; Sørensen and Molmer, 1999) that produce nonclassical atomic states.”
Quantum metrology with nonclassical states of atomic ensembles (2016, methodology): “(81) This model can be realized via atom-atom elastic collisions in a Bose-Einstein condensate (Sørensen et al., 2001), see Eq.”
Entanglement detection (2008, background): “Indeed, spin squeezing can be shown to be connected to entanglement: If an N-qubit state violates the inequality [500]”
Many-Body Quantum Spin Dynamics with Monte Carlo Trajectories on a Discrete Phase Space (2014, background): “The results show that the DTWA is able to capture the buildup of spin squeezing (an entanglement witness [32]).”
Quantum interface between light and atomic ensembles (2008, background): “It was shown in Sørensen et al. (2001) that spectroscopic squeezing ξR < 1 is a sufficient condition for bipartite entanglement within each pair of spins in the atomic ensemble, see also Wang and Sanders (2003).”
Entanglement certification from theory to experiment (2018, background): “Most famously, a necessary condition for all fully separable states of N particles with spin-1/2 reads ξ S := N (∆Jz) 2 〈Jx〉+〈Jy〉 ≥ 1, which also directly connects entanglement with enhanced sensitivity in Ramsey spectroscopy with totally polarised ensembles of atoms [107, 277–279].”
Quantum-enhanced measurements without entanglement (2017, background): “…Holland and Burnett, 1993; Kacprowicz et al., 2010; Kitagawa and Ueda, 1993; Korbicz et al., 2005; Pezzè and Smerzi, 2009; Sanders and Milburn, 1995; Sørensen et al., 2001; Tóth et al., 2009; Uys and Meystre, 2007; Wang and Sanders, 2003; Wineland et al., 1994; Yurke, 1986; Yurke et al., 1986)).”
Macroscopic quantum states: Measures, fragility, and implementations (2017, background): “A common way to characterize squeezed states without reference to its generation is the squeezing parameter ξ2 ≡ N(∆Sn1) 2 〈Sn2〉2 + 〈Sn3〉2 , (8) which is strictly smaller one, ξ 1, for squeezed states (Sørensen et al., 2001).”