Oscillating Glucose Is More Deleterious to Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress Than Mean Glucose in Normal and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

By Antonio Ceriello, K. Esposito, L. Piconi, M. Ihnat, J. Thorpe, R. Testa, M. Boemi, D. Giugliano. Diabetes, 2008

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The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Diabetic Wound Healing (2021, background): “With acute glucose fluctuations, the PKC pathway is activated while inflammatory factors and adhesion molecules were secreted [56, 57], which further results in endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress of the peripheral nerve.”
Prevalence and Clinical Outcome of Hyperglycemia in the Perioperative Period in Noncardiac Surgery (2010, background): “Similarly, acute hyperglycemia and oscillating glucose levels have been shown to cause higher levels of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction than chronic and sustained hyperglycemia (25).”
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes – Mechanisms, Management, and Clinical Considerations (2016, neutral): “6 mmol/L).(60) Together these represent distinct and overlapping mechanisms by which hyperglycemia can promote atherogenesis and accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis (Figure 2).”