A SURVEY OF z ∼ 6 QUASARS IN THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY DEEP STRIPE. II. DISCOVERY OF SIX QUASARS AT zAB>21

By Linhua Jiang, Xiaohui Fan, F. Bian, James Annis, K. Chiu, S. Jester, Huan Lin, Robert Lupton, Gordon Richards, M. Strauss and 3 more. 2009

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We present the discovery of six new quasars at z ∼ 6 selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) southern survey, a deep imaging survey obtained by repeatedly scanning a stripe along the celestial equator. The six quasars are about 2 mag fainter than the luminous z ∼ 6 quasars found in the SDSS main survey and 1 mag fainter than the quasars reported in Paper I. Four of them comprise a complete flux-limited sample at 21 < zAB < 21.8 over an effective area of 195 deg2. The other two quasars are fainter than zAB = 22 and are not part of the complete sample. The quasar luminosity function at z ∼ 6 is well described as a single power law Φ(L1450) ∝ Lβ1450 over the luminosity range −28 < M1450 < −25. The best-fitting slope β varies from −2.6 to −3.1, depending on the quasar samples used, with a statistical error of 0.3–0.4. About 40% of the quasars discovered in the SDSS southern survey have very narrow Lyα emission lines, which may indicate small black hole masses and high Eddington luminosity ratios, and therefore short black hole growth timescales for these faint quasars at early epochs.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/24ca549168eeaf4a67cd6d4f0cc2fbdac36b7946

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A DEEP HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE SEARCH FOR ESCAPING LYMAN CONTINUUM FLUX AT z ∼ 1.3: EVIDENCE FOR AN EVOLVING IONIZING EMISSIVITY (2010, background): “…for high redshift (z > 3) QSOs show that their space densities fall precipitously toward higher redshift and are too rare at the highest redshifts to contribute significantly to the HI–ionizing background (Richards et al. 2006; Hopkins et al. 2007; Siana et al. 2008; Jiang et al. 2008, 2009).”
CHARACTERIZING THE MID-INFRARED EXTRAGALACTIC SKY WITH WISE AND SDSS (2012, background): “Overall, WISE detects a high fraction of SDSS QSOs from DR7 Schneider et al. (2010) catalog, and z > 5.7 QSOs from Fan et al. (2006); Jiang et al. (2009), Willott et al. (2009) and Willott et al. (2010).”
What drives the growth of black holes (2011, background): “The most progress has been made through studies of high-z optical quasars (e.g., Fan et al., 2006; Jiang et al., 2009; Willott et al., 2010; De Rosa et al., 2011; Mortlock et al., 2011).”
The bolometric quasar luminosity function at z = 0–7 (2020, unknown): “The observational compilation from Kulkarni et al. (2018) includes: Bongiorno et al. (2007); Siana et al. (2008); Jiang et al. (2009); Willott et al. (2010); Glikman et al. (2011); Masters et al. (2012); Palanque-Delabrouille et al. (2013); Ross et al. (2013); McGreer et al. (2013); Kashikawa et…”
THE z = 5 QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION FROM SDSS STRIPE 82 (2012, methodology): “12) that roughly agrees with measurements at both lower (e.g., BOSS 2.2 < z < 3.5, Ross et al. 2012) and higher (z = 6, Willott et al. 2010; Jiang et al. 2009) redshifts.”
THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY QUASAR CATALOG. V. SEVENTH DATA RELEASE (2010, unknown): “The highest redshift SDSS quasars (z > 5.7; e.g., Fan et al. 2003, 2006; Jiang et al. 2009) were identified as candidates in the SDSS imaging data, but the spectra were not obtained with the SDSS spectrographs, so they are not included in the catalog.”
THE SDSS-III BARYON OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY: THE QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION FROM DATA RELEASE NINE (2012, background): “…Hao et al. 2005; Richards et al. 2005, 2006b; Fan et al. 2006; Jiang et al. 2006; Fontanot et al. 2007; Bongiorno et al. 2007; Reyes et al. 2008; Jiang et al. 2008, 2009; Croom et al. 2009a; Glikman et al. 2010; Willott et al. 2010; Glikman et al. 2011; Ikeda et al. 2011, 2012; Masters et al.…”
SUBARU HIGH-z EXPLORATION OF LOW-LUMINOSITY QUASARS (SHELLQs). I. DISCOVERY OF 15 QUASARS AND BRIGHT GALAXIES AT 5.7 < z < 6.9 (2016, unknown): “The former magnitude limit corresponds to M1450 < −22 mag for a typical quasar spectral energy distribution (SED), thus allowing us to explore∼2 mag lower luminosity than any previous widefield survey at z ∼ 6 (e.g., Jiang et al. 2009).”
EVIDENCE FOR NON-EVOLVING Fe ii/Mg ii RATIOS IN RAPIDLY ACCRETING z ∼ 6 QSOs (2011, background): “In the past 10 years, more than 50 QSOs at z > 5.7 have been discovered (Fan et al. 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006; Jiang et al. 2008, 2009; Willott et al. 2007, 2010) thanks to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS, York et al. 2000) and other large multi-wavelength surveys such as the Canada France…”
BLACK HOLE MASS ESTIMATES AND EMISSION-LINE PROPERTIES OF A SAMPLE OF REDSHIFT z > 6.5 QUASARS (2013, background): “In the past 10 yr, more than 60 quasars at 5.7 z 6.4 have been discovered (e.g., Fan et al. 2006; Jiang et al. 2008, 2009; Venemans et al. 2007; Willott et al. 2007, 2010; Morganson et al. 2012,; Bañados et al. 2014), mainly thanks to optical surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS;…”
EDDINGTON-LIMITED ACCRETION AND THE BLACK HOLE MASS FUNCTION AT REDSHIFT 6 (2010, methodology): “These comprised 14 quasars from the SDSS main sample (Fan et al. 2006), 10 quasars from the SDSS deep stripe (Jiang et al. 2009) and 16 quasars from the CFHQS (Willott et al. 2010) giving a broad range in luminosity.”
Formation of Supermassive Black Hole Seeds (2016, background): “…of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) of a few billion solar masses within the 1 Gyr after the Big Bang (Fan et al. 2006; Willott et al. 2007; Jiang et al. 2008, 2009; Mortlock et al. 2011; Venemans et al. 2013; Bañados et al. 2014; Venemans et al. 2015; Jiang et al. 2015; Wu et al. 2015)1…”
COLD FLOWS AND THE FIRST QUASARS (2011, background): “The strongest direct constraint on the high-redshift evolution of SMBHs comes from the observations of the luminous quasars at z∼ 6 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) (Fan et al. 2006; Jiang et al. 2009) and even more recently atz = 7 (Mortlock et al. 2011).”
THE FINAL SDSS HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASAR SAMPLE OF 52 QUASARS AT z > 5.7 (2016, methodology): “Using these co-added data, we have found 12 >z 5.7 quasars in Stripe 82 (Jiang et al. 2008, 2009).”
DISCOVERY OF THREE z > 6.5 QUASARS IN THE VISTA KILO-DEGREE INFRARED GALAXY (VIKING) SURVEY (2013, background): “In the last decade, more than 60 5.7 < z 6.4 quasars have been discovered in various different surveys (e.g., Fan et al. 2006; Venemans et al. 2007; Jiang et al. 2008, 2009; Willott et al. 2010b; Morganson et al. 2012).”
THE PAN-STARRS1 DISTANT z > 5.6 QUASAR SURVEY: MORE THAN 100 QUASARS WITHIN THE FIRST GYR OF THE UNIVERSE (2016, unknown): “…Fan et al. (2001), (6) Fan et al. (2003), (7) Fan et al. (2004), (8) McGreer et al. (2006), (9) Willott et al. (2007), (10) Jiang et al. (2008), (11) Jiang et al. (2009), (12) Kurk et al. (2009), (13) Mortlock et al. (2009), (14) Willott et al. (2009), (15) Willott et al. (2010b), (16) Willott et…”
Faint high-redshift AGN in the Chandra deep field south: the evolution of the AGN luminosity function and black hole demography (2011, methodology): “…to the Chandra-COSMOS high-z sample of Civano et al. (2011), the XMM-COSMOS sample of Brusa et al. (2009a), the GOODS sample of Fontanot et al. (2007), the faint optical AGN sample of Glikman et al. (2011), and the luminous optical AGN samples of Richards et al. (2006) and Jiang et al. (2009).”
THE CANADA–FRANCE HIGH-z QUASAR SURVEY: NINE NEW QUASARS AND THE LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AT REDSHIFT 6 (2009, methodology): “Jiang et al. (2009) noted that their SDSS deep z′ > 21 sample had no quasars at z > 6.1 and showed that this lack of high-redshift quasars was not statistically significant.”
STAR FORMATION AND GAS KINEMATICS OF QUASAR HOST GALAXIES AT z ∼ 6: NEW INSIGHTS FROM ALMA (2013, methodology): “This quasar was discovered in SDSS stripe 82 with m1450 = 22.16 (Jiang et al. 2009).”