Different forms of bullying and victimization: Bully-victims versus bullies and victims

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Consistency of gender differences in bullying in cross-cultural surveys (2019, background): “Separate consideration of the bully/victim category is important for considerations of intervention; but the actual proportion of bully/victims varies very much by defining criteria (e.g. frequency of being a bully or victim; Yang & Salmivalli, 2013).”
Bullying Victimization and Perpetration among U.S. Children and Adolescents: 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health (2018, result): “However, the proportion of youth who were bully-victims was small (5 and 4%, respectively), consistent with other studies that have found this is typically a small group (Yang and Salmivalli 2013).”
Structural validation and cross-cultural robustness of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (2015, background): “Accordingly, both the aggressor and the victim are, a priori, substantial characters of the phenomenon, but there are also those that are aggressors and victims at the same time, the bully-victims (Yang & Salmivalli, 2013).”