Selection Bias in Web Surveys

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Information Could Reduce Consumer Demand for Exotic Pets (2017, background): “Our study was limited to respondents with internet access (Bethlehem 2010) and whose Web browsers searched for English language websites.”
Inference for Nonprobability Samples (2017, background): “Bethlehem (2010) reviews this issue for web surveys. Vonk, van Ossenbruggen and Willems (2006) report that ethnic minorities and immigrant groups were systematically underrepresented in Dutch panels. They also found that, relative to the general population, the Dutch online panels contained dispropo”
Sampling weight adjustments in partial least squares structural equation modeling: guidelines and illustrations (2020, background): “Finally, researchers should engage in different ex-post adjustments of sampling unit weights to compensate for critical issues in survey research, such as unequal selection probabilities, non-coverage, and sampling fluctuations (Bethlehem, 2010; Sarstedt et al., 2018a).”
Service quality in a higher education context: an integrated model (2012, methodology): “Thus, a random technique was adopted (Bryman and Bell, 2007; Bethlehem, 2010).”
Does Extreme Political Ideology Predict Conspiracy Beliefs, Economic Evaluations and Political Trust? Evidence From Sweden (2017, unknown): “Datasets collected online generally suffer from problems of under-coverage and self-selection that can potentially bias estimates (Bethlehem, 2010; Hooghe & Teepe, 2007).”