Staging Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes: A Scientific Statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association

By R. Insel, J. Dunne, Mark Atkinson, Jane L. Chiang, D. Dabelea, P. Gottlieb, C. Greenbaum, K. Herold, J. Krischer, Å. Lernmark and 6 more. Diabetes Care, 2015

976 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Insights from prospective, longitudinal studies of individuals at risk for developing type 1 diabetes have demonstrated that the disease is a continuum that progresses sequentially at variable but predictable rates through distinct identifiable stages prior to the onset of symptoms. Stage 1 is defined as the presence of β-cell autoimmunity as evidenced by the presence of two or more islet autoantibodies with normoglycemia and is presymptomatic, stage 2 as the presence of β-cell autoimmunity with dysglycemia and is presymptomatic, and stage 3 as onset of symptomatic disease. Adoption of this staging classification provides a standardized taxonomy for type 1 diabetes and will aid the development of therapies and the design of clinical trials to prevent symptomatic disease, promote precision medicine, and provide a framework for an optimized benefit/risk ratio that will impact regulatory approval, reimbursement, and adoption of interventions in the early stages of type 1 diabetes to prevent symptomatic disease.

Subfields: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Genetics, Surgery

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e7387eac9ee6998a8d81763a545f79d50a97d8f

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

1. G. Bakris
2. R. Eckel

In Genetics

1. Leif Groop
2. R. Eckel

In Surgery

1. G. Bakris
2. R. Eckel

Citations in the corpus

• 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020 (2019, background): “, relatives of those with type 1 diabetes or individuals from the general population with type 1 diabetes–associated genetic factors) identifies individuals who may develop type 1 diabetes (9).”
• An Anti-CD3 Antibody, Teplizumab, in Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes (2019, neutral): “Sibling and another first-degree relative 2 (5) 3 (9)”
• 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018 (2017, background): “Several studies indicate that measuring islet autoantibodies in relatives of those with type 1 diabetes may identify individuals who are at risk for developing type 1 diabetes (5).”
• 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019 (2018, background): “autoantibodies in relatives of those with type 1 diabetes may identify individuals who are at risk for developing type 1 diabetes (5).”
• Differentiation of Diabetes by Pathophysiology, Natural History, and Prognosis (2016, background): “A positive test for at least two autoantibodies is now considered a diagnostic stage of type 1 diabetes (Table 1) (41).”
• 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes (2014, background): “with type 1 diabetes may identify individuals who are at risk for developing type 1 diabetes (17).”