The biology of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors
By T. Steimer. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2002
676 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Anxiety is a psychological, physiological, and behavioral state induced in animals and humans by a threat to well-being or survival, either actual or potential. It is characterized by increased arousal, expectancy, autonomic and neuroendocrine activation, and specific behavior patterns. The function of these changes is to facilitate coping with an adverse or unexpected situation. Pathological anxiety interferes with the ability to cope successfully with life challenges. Vulnerability to psychopathology appears to be a consequence of predisposing factors (or traits), which result from numerous gene-environment interactions during development (particularly during the perinatal period) and experience (life events), in this review, the biology of fear and anxiety will be examined from systemic (brain-behavior relationships, neuronal circuitry, and functional neuroanatomy) and cellular/molecular (neurotransmitters, hormones, and other biochemical factors) points of view, with particular reference to animal models. These models have been instrumental in establishing the biological correlates of fear and anxiety, although the recent development of noninvasive investigation methods in humans, such as the various neuroimaging techniques, certainly opens new avenues of research in this field. Our current knowledge of the biological bases of fear and anxiety is already impressive, and further progress toward models or theories integrating contributions from the medical, biological, and psychological sciences can be expected.
Subfields: Behavioral Neuroscience, Biological Psychiatry, Social Psychology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1d5235ca42b0e9b91afe9e56593056a883b685e9
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Citations in the corpus
- The impact of emotions on shopping behavior during epidemic. What a business can do to protect customers (2020, background): “As feelings of threat are demonstrated to increase psychological arousal and information processing (LeDoux, 2000, p. 175; Steimer, 2002), the authors assume that conviction of danger related to contracting the virus increases anticipated arousal associated with shopping.”
- COVID-19 and repeat visitation: Assessing the role of destination social responsibility, destination reputation, holidaymakers’ trust and fear arousal (2020, background): “This could lead people S.B. Hassan and M. Soliman Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 19 (2021) 100495 to express adaptive or protective behaviors to escape from the source of this fear or risk (Steimer, 2002).”
- Dimensions of artificial intelligence anxiety based on the integrated fear acquisition theory (2020, neutral): “Moreover, some scholars believe that anxiety is “ recycled ” fear and thus serves to protect individuals from future threats [48].”