Visual Pattern Analyzers

By N. Graham. 1989

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Crowding--an essential bottleneck for object recognition: a mini-review. (2008, background): “Overlap masking is tuned to spatial frequency and orientation and is strongest when the target and mask are similar, e.g. in spatial frequency and orientation (Graham, 1989).”
Visual attention: The past 25 years (2011, methodology): “Explanations of how attention improves perception range from proposals maintaining that the deployment of attention enhances the signal, to those stating that attention improves sensitivity by reducing external noise, to yet others that purport that the effects are due to observers’ decision…”
Eye smarter than scientists believed: Neural computations in circuits of the retina (2010, unknown): “Note that this hypothesis for pattern adaptation really follows the traditional explanation invoked for such phenomena in the cortex: the fatigue of pattern-selective input units (Graham, 1989).”
${\bf S}_{3}$: A Spectral and Spatial Measure of Local Perceived Sharpness in Natural Images (2012, methodology): “The max operator used in (9) attempts to account for visual summation across space [31].”
Crowding is unlike ordinary masking: distinguishing feature integration from detection. (2004, methodology): “The grating detection literature is convincing (e.g., Campbell & Robson, 1968; Robson & Graham, 1981; Graham, 1989), but that leaves open the possibility that other tasks and targets (e.g., identifying letters) might bypass feature detection.”