Tumour biology: Herceptin acts as an anti-angiogenic cocktail

By Y. Izumi, Lei Xu, E. Tomaso, Dai Fukumura, Rakesh K. Jain. Nature, 2002

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Tumor microvasculature and microenvironment: targets for anti-angiogenesis and normalization. (2007, background): “…signaling by a neutralizing antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) downregulates angiogenic factors such as VEGF, TGFα, Ang1, and PAI-1, and also induces anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin-1, thus, Herceptin acts as an anti-angiogenic cocktail against HER2 expressing tumors (Izumi et al., 2002b).”
Drug penetration in solid tumours (2006, background): “The apparent ability of this monoclonal antibody to sterilize micro-metastases might be due to the exposure of the target cells to trastuzumab when the drug is used as adjuvant therapy, compared with restricted drug distribution in large tumours, although its anti-angiogenic activity could also cont”
Trastuzumab: mechanism of action, resistance and future perspectives in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. (2007, background): “[35], however, observed a reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by cancer cells only in vitro, indicating that a VEGF independent antiangiogenic mechanism might act in vivo, which is probably due to the modulation of different regulators of the complex machinery of angiog”
Strongly enhanced antitumor activity of trastuzumab and pertuzumab combination treatment on HER2-positive human xenograft tumor models. (2009, background): “15), blocking ligand-independent HER2 signaling (16), and inhibiting HER2mediated angiogenesis (17).”