Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation

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Novel Index Modulation Techniques: A Survey (2019, methodology): “Moreover, as demonstrated by the simulation results given in [41] and [46], the LLR-based detectors for GSIM-OFDM and DM-OFDM only suffer from slight performance loss, compared to their optimal ML counterparts, which are also illustrated in Fig.”
A Survey on Spatial Modulation in Emerging Wireless Systems: Research Progresses and Applications (2019, methodology): “Frequency Domain Subcarriers SIM-OFDM [240], OFDMIM [98], OFDM-I/Q-IM [241], GFDM-IM [242] Higher spectral efficiency& higher energy efficiency”
Index modulation techniques for 5G wireless networks (2016, background): “…other hand, the researchers have started to explore the potential of IM concept for the subcarriers of OFDM systems in recent times and it has been shown that the OFDM-IM scheme [4] can provide attractive advantages over classical OFDM, which is an integral part of many current wireless standards.”
Index Modulation Techniques for Next-Generation Wireless Networks (2017, background): “The concept of OFDM-IM has appeared at this time3 [8], [337], [338] to overcome the limitations of the aforementioned schemes and to provide more flexibility in the system design.”