Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains

By Elli Androulaki, Artem Barger, V. Bortnikov, Christian Cachin, Konstantinos Christidis, Angelo De Caro, David Enyeart, Christopher Ferris, Gennady Laventman, Yacov Manevich and 11 more. European Conference on Computer Systems, 2018

4,278 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Fabric is a modular and extensible open-source system for deploying and operating permissioned blockchains and one of the Hyperledger projects hosted by the Linux Foundation (www.hyperledger.org). Fabric is the first truly extensible blockchain system for running distributed applications. It supports modular consensus protocols, which allows the system to be tailored to particular use cases and trust models. Fabric is also the first blockchain system that runs distributed applications written in standard, general-purpose programming languages, without systemic dependency on a native cryptocurrency. This stands in sharp contrast to existing block-chain platforms that require "smart-contracts" to be written in domain-specific languages or rely on a cryptocurrency. Fabric realizes the permissioned model using a portable notion of membership, which may be integrated with industry-standard identity management. To support such flexibility, Fabric introduces an entirely novel blockchain design and revamps the way blockchains cope with non-determinism, resource exhaustion, and performance attacks. This paper describes Fabric, its architecture, the rationale behind various design decisions, its most prominent implementation aspects, as well as its distributed application programming model. We further evaluate Fabric by implementing and benchmarking a Bitcoin-inspired digital currency. We show that Fabric achieves end-to-end throughput of more than 3500 transactions per second in certain popular deployment configurations, with sub-second latency, scaling well to over 100 peers.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Networks and Communications, Information Systems

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b4c39ba447e8098291e47fd5da32ca650f41181

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Citations in the corpus

A Survey of Blockchain Technology Applied to Smart Cities: Research Issues and Challenges (2019, neutral): “Nodes in the Hyperledger Fabric are divided into validating peers and non-validating peers.”
SBFT: A Scalable and Decentralized Trust Infrastructure (2018, background): “BFT replication is a key ingredient in consortium blockchains [8], [42].”
Do you Need a Blockchain? (2018, methodology): “If details of the contract should remain hidden and the contract is only concerned with a limited set of known participants, a permissioned blockchain such as Hyperledger Fabric [11] may be the best fit.”
A Scalable Multi-Layer PBFT Consensus for Blockchain (2020, methodology): “A promising advancement of PBFT can be found in Hyperledger development [14], part of Hyperledger business blockchain frameworks, which has been adopted by tech giants like IBM or Wall Street Fintech, such as J.P. Morgan [15].”
A Survey on Ethereum Systems Security (2019, background): “Among them, EOS [33] and Hyperledger Fabric (where smart contracts are also called chaincode) [64] are widely used.”
Blockchain for AI: Review and Open Research Challenges (2019, background): “tions from malicious nodes on the blockchain network [81].”
A Survey of Blockchain From the Perspectives of Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities (2019, methodology): “Hyperledger fabric, a blockchain-based platform, provides different business solutions by leveraging PBFT consensus protocol [73].”
Blockchain Technology in Healthcare: A Systematic Review (2019, methodology): “It is also interesting to observe that most of these applications are developed on popular blockchain frameworks, such as Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric as shown in Table 6.”
A Survey on Blockchain Technology: Evolution, Architecture and Security (2021, methodology): “The authors in [85] ﬁrsts identiﬁed the limitation of order-execute architecture such as sequential execution, non-deterministic code & conﬁdentiality of execution.”
Blockchain smart contracts: Applications, challenges, and future trends (2021, background): “While Solidity is the well-known programming language used to write Ethereum smart contracts, Hyperledger Fabric supports multi-language smart contracts, such as Go, Java, and Javascript [4].”
Performance Benchmarking and Optimizing Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain Platform (2018, methodology): “[16] presents the design and the new architecture of Fabric, delving in-depth into its design considerations and modularity.”
A Vademecum on Blockchain Technologies: When, Which, and How (2019, background): “demanding PoW is not required [49], [131].”
The Energy Consumption of Blockchain Technology: Beyond Myth (2020, background): “According to Androulaki et al. (2018), such a system can handle around 3000 transactions per second, so we arrive at an order of magnitude of 1 J per transaction.”
A Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Ordering Service for the Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain Platform (2017, methodology): “Hyperledger Fabric (Fabric) [4] is an open-source project within the Hyperledger collaborative effort.”
A Survey of IoT Applications in Blockchain Systems (2020, background): “Many famous projects based on blockchains, including Ethereum [Wood 2014], Hyperledger [Androulaki et al. 2018], and IOTA [IOTA 2019], are under active development.”