Cutting Edge: Role of Toll-Like Receptor 9 in CpG DNA-Induced Activation of Human Cells1

By F. Takeshita, C. Leifer, I. Gursel, K. Ishii, Saoko Takeshita, M. Gursel, D. Klinman. Journal of Immunology, 2001

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Mitochondrial DNA in inflammation and immunity (2020, positive): “In resting cells, TLR9 resides on the endoplasmic reticulum, but recognition of DNA occurs in the endolysosomes (see Fig 1) [162 – 165].”
NF-κB and the immune response (2006, background): “TLR3 signaling results in the activation of NF-kB and IRF3, ultimately leading to the production of antiviral molecules, such as type I interferons (IFN-a/b) (Alexopoulou et al., 2001).”
Rapid and strong human CD8+ T cell responses to vaccination with peptide, IFA, and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 7909. (2005, background): “stimulate DC activation through TLR9 triggering (8, 9), leading to enhanced T cell responses specific for coadministered antigens in”