How Warm Was the Medieval Warm Period

By T. Crowley, T. Lowery. 2000

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Corrections to the Mann et. al. (1998) Proxy Data Base and Northern Hemispheric Average Temperature Series (2003, methodology): “comm., Oct. 2004) supplied smoothed and transformed versions of proxy data used in Crowley and Lowery [2000] ,but stated that he could not find the actual data versions used so that these could be verified.”
Millennial temperature reconstruction intercomparison and evaluation (2006, unknown): “Crowley and Lowery (2000) [CL2000] discuss the evidence for a global MWP, which they interpret as a period of unusual warmth in the 11th century.”
Volcanic and Solar Forcing of Climate Change during the Preindustrial Era (2003, background): “…of full NH (land and ocean, Tropics and extratropics) annual mean temperature changes in past centuries based on diverse proxy (‘‘multiproxy’’) data (Crowley and Lowery 2000; Jones et al. 1998; Mann et al. 1998; 1999) and extratropical NH temperature reconstructions based on tree-ring data…”
The Archaeological Record of Human Impacts on Animal Populations (2001, unknown): “However, while this period did see marked changes in climate—perhaps most notably the Medieval Warm Period, ca. A.D. 900–1300 (Crowley and Lowery, 2000; Jones et al., 1999)—there are no unilinear changes in climate in this region that are correlated with the nearly unilinear decline in the…”