THE HST EXTREME DEEP FIELD (XDF): COMBINING ALL ACS AND WFC3/IR DATA ON THE HUDF REGION INTO THE DEEPEST FIELD EVER

By G. Illingworth, D. Magee, P. Oesch, R. Bouwens, I. Labbé, M. Stiavelli, P. V. van Dokkum, M. Franx, M. Trenti, C. Carollo and 1 more. 2013

233 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) combines data from 10 years of observations with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and the Wide-Field Camera 3 Infra-Red (WFC3/IR) into the deepest image of the sky ever in the optical/near-IR. Since the initial observations of the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) in 2003, numerous surveys and programs, including supernovae follow-up, HUDF09, CANDELS, and HUDF12, have contributed additional imaging data across this region. However, these images have never been combined and made available as one complete ultra-deep image dataset. We combine them now with the XDF program. Our new and improved processing techniques provide higher quality reductions of the total dataset. All WFC3/IR and optical ACS data sets have been fully combined and accurately matched, resulting in the deepest imaging ever taken at these wavelengths, ranging from 29.1 to 30.3 AB mag (5σ in a 0.″35 diameter aperture) in 9 filters. The combined image therefore reaches to 31.2 AB mag 5σ (32.9 at 1σ) for a flat fν source. The gains in the optical for the four filters done in the original ACS HUDF correspond to a typical improvement of 0.15 mag, with gains of 0.25 mag in the deepest areas. Such gains are equivalent to adding ∼130 to ∼240 orbits of ACS data to the HUDF. Improved processing alone results in a typical gain of ∼0.1 mag. Our 5σ (optical+near-IR) SExtractor catalogs reveal about 14,140 sources in the full field and about 7121 galaxies in the deepest part of the XDF.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/199e2032bf7a372ff736b47fdc541058694717b8

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. L. Hernquist
2. P. Hopkins
3. P. V. van Dokkum
4. M. Franx
5. Richard S. Ellis
6. R. Somerville
7. R. Dav'e
8. C. Conroy

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

1. R. Bouwens
2. Richard S. Ellis
3. P. Oesch
4. G. Illingworth
5. J. Dunlop
6. D. Stark
7. M. Franx
8. I. Labbé

Citations in the corpus

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• JADES Initial Data Release for the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Revealing the Faint Infrared Sky with Deep JWST NIRCam Imaging (2023, methodology): “Key examples include very deep HST infrared images, such as from the HUDF09 and HUDF12 program ( Ellis et al. 2013; Illingworth et al. 2013 ) , the continued investment of Chandra imaging ( e.g., Xue et al. 2016 ) , deep Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Array observations ( Aravena et al.…”
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• COSMOS2020: A Panchromatic View of the Universe to z ∼ 10 from Two Complementary Catalogs (2021, background): “…combined power of ACS and WFC3 yielded the deepest ‘blank-field’ image of the Universe, the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF; Beckwith et al. 2006; Ellis et al. 2013; Illingworth et al. 2013; Teplitz et al. 2013), observed over the course of a decade in 13 filters, some reaching depths ∼ 29.5− 30 AB.”
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• UV-CONTINUUM SLOPES OF >4000 z ∼ 4–8 GALAXIES FROM THE HUDF/XDF, HUDF09, ERS, CANDELS-SOUTH, AND CANDELS-NORTH FIELDS (2013, methodology): “At optical wavelengths, we make use of our new XDF reductions which take advantage of all observations obtained over the HUDF with ACS over the last ten years (Illingworth et al. 2013) and reach ∼0.2 mag deeper than the 2004 release (Beckwith et al. 2006).”
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