How low can you go? Ostracism by a computer is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence

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Social exclusion decreases prosocial behavior. (2007, background): “Belongingness and control are two of the outcomes featured in Williams’ theory of ostracism (e.g., Williams, 2001; Zadro, Williams, & Richardson, 2004 ).”
R U There? Ostracism by Cell Phone Text Messages. (2004, methodology): “Zadro et al. (2004) found that being ostracized on Cyberball by the computer was just as unpleasant as being ostracized by other human beings.”
The Meaning Maintenance Model: On the Coherence of Social Motivations (2006, background): “Zadro, Williams, and Richardson (2004) found that even rejection by a computer program was sufficiently threatening as to lower people's feeling of belongingness, control, self-esteem, and perceptions of a meaningful existence.”
An fMRI investigation of empathy for 'social pain' and subsequent prosocial behavior (2011, methodology): “This paradigm has been used successfully in previous behavioral and neuroimaging studies to simulate social exclusion and produce distress (Eisenberger et al., 2003, 2007a,b; DeWall et al., 2010; Masten et al., 2010a; van Beest andWilliams, 2006; Zadro et al., 2004).”
Age-related changes in the effect of ostracism (2011, background): “Most of the recent empirical work on ostracism has focused on the effects of ostracism on these four basic needs (Williams et al., 2000, 2002; Zadro et al., 2004, 2005, 2006).”