The Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup Tree: Nomenclature and Phylogeography of Its Major Divisions

By M. Hammer, S. Zegura. 2002

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The Neolithic invasion of Europe (2003, background): “…both for an indigenous European clade of lineages, now known as paragroup R∗ (in the nomenclature of the Y Chromosome Consortium 2002; see also Hammer & Zegura 2002), and a likely Near Eastern Neolithic component, now called haplogroup J (by analogy with the most common putative Neolithic…”
New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree. (2008, result): “1, M168, and M294) at 70 thousand years ago (Kya), which is consistent with previous estimates from genetic and archaeological data (Lahr and Foley 1998; Hammer and Zegura 2002; Macaulay et al. 2005), and is the chronological approximation given in Jobling et al.”
Human Y-chromosomal variation in European populations (2004, methodology): “Phylogeographic analysis of haplogroups with frequencies more than 10% in Native Siberians (Hammer and Zegura 2002) revealed that the two most frequent haplogroups were sub-clades of hg N: N3 with a frequency of 22.7%, was widely distributed within Siberia and northern Europe, whereas N2, a sister-c”