Effects and etiology of sudden aspen decline in southwestern Colorado, USA

By J. Worrall, S. Marchetti, Leanne Egeland, R. Mask, T. Eager, B. Howell. 2010

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Emergent insects, pathogens and drought shape changing patterns in oak decline in North America and Europe (2015, background): “Root health, although it has not been studied extensively, is thought to be an important factor in aspen susceptibility to drought and capacity to regenerate clonally following dieback of main stems (Shepperd et al., 2001; Frey et al., 2004; Worrall et al., 2008, 2010).”
Massive mortality of aspen following severe drought along the southern edge of the Canadian boreal forest (2011, background): “Comparable research by Worrall et al. (2010) has shown that the exceptional drought of 2001–2002 was also the major inciting factor of sudden aspen decline that has been subsequently documented across large areas of Colorado.”
Patterns and consequences of ungulate herbivory on aspen in western North America (2013, background): “The negative effects of ungulate herbivory can interact with environmental factors, decreasing aspen resilience to the point of stand senescence or collapse (Ripple et al., 2001; Worrall et al., 2010).”
Recent declines of Populus tremuloides in North America linked to climate (2013, background): “Regeneration <5.1 cm DBH averaged 6294 stems ha 1, substantially higher than in damaged stands in Arizona and Colorado (Dudley, 2011; Fairweather et al., 2008; Worrall et al., 2010; Zegler et al., 2012).”