Neuronal cell loss accompanies the brain tissue response to chronically implanted silicon microelectrode arrays.

By R. Biran, David C. Martin, P. Tresco. Experimental Neurology, 2005

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Microelectrodes, Microelectronics, and Implantable Neural Microsystems (2008, background): “Tresco [ 50 ] has also found that 100–150 m-wide probe shanks produce a 30–40% cell loss within 100 m of the shank (throughout the recording field of a typical site) and elevated levels of astrocytes considerably beyond this.”
Progress Towards Biocompatible Intracortical Microelectrodes for Neural Interfacing Applications (2014, background): “(107, 109, 143, 145, 159, 160) While a significant number of neurons remain within the recording range, the overall decrease in neuronal density (approximately 40–60% in most studies) indicates that the environment may no longer be ideal for promoting neuronal health and function.”
Response of brain tissue to chronically implanted neural electrodes. (2005, background): “This reaction is characterized by the presence of both reactive astrocytes, which form a glial scar (detailed in the next section), and activated microglia (Stensaas and Stensaas, 1976; Turner et al., 1999; Szarowski et al., 2003; Biran et al., 2005).”