Uric Acid and Survival in Chronic Heart Failure: Validation and Application in Metabolic, Functional, and Hemodynamic Staging

By S. Anker, W. Doehner, M. Rauchhaus, Rakesh Sharma, D. Francis, C. Knosalla, C. Davos, M. Cicoira, W. Shamim, M. Kemp and 6 more. Circulation, 2003

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Xanthine oxidoreductase and cardiovascular disease: molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological implications (2004, background): “Recently, UA has also been shown to have prognostic value in patients with heart failure (Anker et al. 2003).”
Uric acid-induced C-reactive protein expression: implication on cell proliferation and nitric oxide production of human vascular cells. (2005, background): “An elevated serum uric acid (UA) in humans is also associated with systemic inflammation (11), increased CRP levels (12), endothelial dysfunction (13,14), hypertension (15), and cardiovascular disease (16).”
Therapeutic Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors: Renaissance Half a Century after the Discovery of Allopurinol (2006, background): “6) (Alderman, 2002; Cicoira et al., 2002; Doehner et al., 2002; Anker et al., 2003; Alderman and Aiyer, 2004), and XO inhibitors exert certain beneficial effects both in animals and humans with heart failure (see Table 3).”