Expanding the Genetic Code of Escherichia coli

By Lei Wang, Ansgar Brock, B. Herberich, Peter G. Schultz. Science, 2001

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Handbook of ion channels (2015, methodology): “To incorporate unnatural amino acids (UAAs) into the protein of interest, a nonsense codon is introduced at the position of interest and the corresponding tRNA–UAA complex provided to be inserted into the position in question.”
Gelatinase-mediated migration and invasion of cancer cells. (2005, background): “…amino acids by misaminoacylation of transfer- RNAs (tRNAs) (Kiick et al., 2001; Kirshenbaum et al., 2002; Niemz and Tirrell, 2001) and the site-directed incorporation, which utilizes non-cognate amber suppressor tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs (Noren et al., 1989; Wang et al., 2001).”
Expanding the eukaryotic genetic code with a biosynthesized 21st amino acid (2022, methodology): “This consists of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) that specifically recognizes a unique tRNA and a noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) that is present at a high intracellular level.(2,9) Since the first report in 2001 of a biorthogonal translation system encoding O-methyltyrosine (OMeY), more than 200”