Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
By D. Weiskopf, K. Schmitz, M. Raadsen, Alba Grifoni, Nisreen M. A. Okba, H. Endeman, J. P. van den Akker, R. Molenkamp, Marion Koopmans, E. V. van Gorp and 4 more. Science immunology, 2020
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Peptide pool stimulation enables longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the causative agent of a global outbreak of respiratory tract disease (COVID-19). In some patients the infection results in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. High serum levels of IL-6, IL-10 and an immune hyperresponsiveness referred to as a ‘cytokine storm’ have been associated with poor clinical outcome. Despite the large numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths, information on the phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells is limited. Here, we studied 10 COVID-19 patients who required admission to an intensive care unit and detected SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in 10 out of 10 and 8 out of 10 patients, respectively. We also detected low levels of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in 2 out of 10 healthy controls not previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2, which is indicative of cross-reactivity due to past infection with ‘common cold’ coronaviruses. The strongest T-cell responses were directed to the spike (S) surface glycoprotein, and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells predominantly produced effector and Th1 cytokines, although Th2 and Th17 cytokines were also detected. Furthermore, we studied T-cell kinetics and showed that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are present relatively early and increase over time. Collectively, these data shed light on the potential variations in T-cell responses as a function of disease severity, an issue that is key to understanding the potential role of immunopathology in the disease, and also inform vaccine design and evaluation.
Subfields: Infectious Diseases, Neurology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/10581a6ceb162f049f57e86b44b8fab0e25e02c3
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Citations in the corpus
- Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021, background): “862 Cell 184, February 18, 2021 Ineffective IFN innate immunity has been strongly associated with failure to control a primary SARS-CoV-2 infection and a high risk of fatal COVID-19, accompanied by innate cell immunopathology and a plasma cytokine signature of elevated CXCL10, interleukin (IL)-6, an”
- Early induction of functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells associates with rapid viral clearance and mild disease in COVID-19 patients (2021, background): “…cells after stimulation by the different peptide pools increased progressively with the peak of frequency detected within 15 days after symptom onset in most tested patients (8 of 12, Figures 3B and 3C) in line with previous reports (Weiskopf et al., 2020; Rydyznski Moderbacher et al., 2020).”