Inducers of plant systemic acquired resistance regulate NPR1 function through redox changes.

By Z. Mou, W. Fan, Xinnian Dong. Cell, 2003

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NPR1 is an essential regulator of plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which confers immunity to a broad-spectrum of pathogens. SAR induction results in accumulation of the signal molecule salicylic acid (SA), which induces defense gene expression via activation of NPR1. We found that in an uninduced state, NPR1 is present as an oligomer formed through intermolecular disulfide bonds. Upon SAR induction, a biphasic change in cellular reduction potential occurs, resulting in reduction of NPR1 to a monomeric form. Monomeric NPR1 accumulates in the nucleus and activates gene expression. Inhibition of NPR1 reduction prevents defense gene expression, whereas mutation of Cys82 or Cys216 in NPR1 leads to constitutive monomerization, nuclear localization of the mutant proteins, and defense gene expression. These data provide a missing link between accumulation of SA and activation of NPR1 in the SAR signaling pathway.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/103ef94ef0a905cf62a757004873416d4cd2f98f

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Citations in the corpus

Bacillus: A Biological Tool for Crop Improvement through Bio-Molecular Changes in Adverse Environments (2017, background): “The NPRI and Coil genes regulate the ISR- and JA-dependent pathways, respectively (Xie et al., 1998; Mou et al., 2003), which indicates that Bacillus spp. application can prevent viral damage in plants.”
Redox Homeostasis and Antioxidant Signaling: A Metabolic Interface between Stress Perception and Physiological Responses (2005, background): “…signaling during an incompatible plant– pathogen interaction involves both oxidative and reductive steps and, second, that there is a relationship between salicylic acid, catalase (and probably also ascorbate peroxidase), and glutathione in this process (Vanacker et al., 2000; Mou et al., 2003).”
The Arabidopsis NPR1 protein is a receptor for the plant defense hormone salicylic acid. (2012, background): “It has been shown that TRX-h5 interacts with NPR1, and catalyzes the deoligomerization of NPR1 (Mou et al., 2003).”
Redox Regulation in Photosynthetic Organisms: Signaling, Acclimation, and Practical Implications (2009, neutral): “In addition to NPR1, ﬁve NPR1-like genes exist in Arabidopsis.”
Impact of root exudates and plant defense signaling on bacterial communities in the rhizosphere. A review (2011, background): “Upon SA accumulation, inactive NPR1 oligomers in the cytosol are reduced to active monomers, and translocated into the nucleus (Kinkema et al. 2000; Mou et al. 2003).”
Interplay between reactive oxygen species and hormones in the control of plant development and stress tolerance. (2015, background): “, 1993) and the subsequent increase in ROS accumulation activates thiol signalling pathways involving glutathione and thioredoxin (Mou et al., 2003; Tada et al., 2008).”
Oxidant and antioxidant signalling in plants: a re-evaluation of the concept of oxidative stress in a physiological context (2005, background): “and specific forms of proteins such as TRX (Vanacker et al. 2000; Mou et al. 2003; Laloi et al. 2004).”
Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. (2004, background): “Redox changes in plants reverse the activity of the NPR1 protein, an essential regulator of plant systemic acquired resistance against pathogens (87).”
Hormone crosstalk in plant disease and defense: more than just jasmonate-salicylate antagonism. (2011, background): “SA treatment induces a redox change in the cell (132), probably through S-nitrosylation and thioredoxin activity (188), leading to the dissociation of the NPR1 complex and migration of NPR1 monomers into the nucleus.”
How do plants achieve immunity? Defence without specialized immune cells (2012, background): “Moreover, primary pathogen attack was previously shown to induce the accumulation of transcriptionally active NPR1 monomers in systemic tissue”
Signaling mechanisms in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). (2015, background): “NPR1, although not clearly itself an SA receptor, is a master regulator of SAmediated responses controlling gene expression (Mou et al., 2003; Wang et al., 2006), but some evidences also suggest that there are SA receptors other than NPR3 and NPR4 to mediate NPR1-”