Modified Newtonian dynamics as an alternative to dark matter

By R. Sanders, S. McGaugh. 2002

714 citations recorded by the source corpus.

▪ Abstract Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is an empirically motivated modification of Newtonian gravity or inertia suggested by Milgrom as an alternative to cosmic dark matter. The basic idea is that at accelerations below ao ≈ 10−8 cm/s2 ≈ cHo/6 the effective gravitational attraction approaches , where gn is the usual Newtonian acceleration. This simple algorithm yields flat rotation curves for spiral galaxies and a mass-rotation velocity relation of the form M ∝ V4 that forms the basis for the observed luminosity–rotation velocity relation—the Tully-Fisher law. We review the phenomenological success of MOND on scales ranging from dwarf spheroidal galaxies to superclusters and demonstrate that the evidence for dark matter can be equally well interpreted as evidence for MOND. We discuss the possible physical basis for an acceleration-based modification of Newtonian dynamics as well as the extention of MOND to cosmology and structure formation.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0fdacca92c99ca636d118c1dcb2573a2d6bc93ea

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Astronomy and Astrophysics

In Instrumentation

Citations in the corpus

The Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558 evidence shows modified gravity in the absence of dark matter (2007, methodology): “…1E0657-558 surface density Σ-map and convergence κ-map data by Angus et al. (2006, 2007) based on Milgroms Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) model (Milgrom, 1983; Sanders and McGaugh, 2002) and Bekenstein’s relativistic version of MOND (Bekenstein, 2004) failed to fit the data without dark matter.”
Galaxy Rotation Curves without Nonbaryonic Dark Matter (2005, methodology): “…the Newtonian law using equation (17): aNewt(r)¼ G0M(r) r 2 : ð23Þ The gravitational acceleration described by Milgrom’s phenomenological MOND model (Milgrom 1983; Sanders & McGaugh 2002) is given by a a a0Milg ¼ aNewt; ð24Þ where (x) is a function that interpolates between the Newtonian regime,…”
Dark matter versus modifications of the gravitational inverse-square law: results from planetary motion in the Solar system (2006, methodology): “The asymptotically flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies and the Tully–Fisher law are explained by such a modification, and a wide range of observations are fitted with the same value of a0 1.2 × 10−10 m s−2 (Sanders & McGaugh 2002).”
Clusters of galaxies with modified Newtonian dynamics (2002, background): “These well-documented phenomenological successes (Sanders & McGaugh 2002 and references therein) challenge the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm and provide some support for the suggestion that the current theory of gravity and inertia (General Relativity) may need revision in the limit of low…”
Small scale problems of the $\Lambda$CDM model: a short review (2016, methodology): “The success of MOND extends beyond fitting the RCs of spirals, and reproducing the Tully-Fisher relation: it provides explanations for several galactic phenomena, from dwarfs to ellipticals (see [359,360]), to Freeman’s law [361], that sets the upper limit for spirals surface brightness, to Fish’s l”
Modified Newtonian dynamics in the Milky Way (2005, methodology): “As a consequence, this formula has been used to fit the rotation curves of an impressive list of external galaxies (Sanders & McGaugh 2002).”
Deformed special relativity as an effective flat limit of quantum gravity (2004, background): “[9] ER Livine, D Oriti, About Lorentz invariance in a discrete quantum setting, gr-qc/0405085; [10] RH Sanders, SS McGaugh, Modified Newtonian dynamics as an alternative to dark matter, Ann.”
Analysis of rotation curves in the framework of Rn gravity (2007, methodology): “…of a new, yet not detected, state of matter, dark matter (Rubin 1983), a phenomenological modification of Newtonian dynamics (Milgrom 1983; Sanders & McGaugh 2002; Brownstein & Moffat 2006; Bekenstein 2006) and higher-order gravitational theories (originally devoted to solving the dark…”
A tensor—vector—scalar framework for modified dynamics and cosmic dark matter (2005, background): “These successes have been well-cataloged (Sanders and McGaugh 2002) and suggest that galaxy phenomenology can be understood without invoking the existence of dark matter (McGaugh 2004a).”
THE BARYONIC TULLY–FISHER RELATION OF GAS-RICH GALAXIES AS A TEST OF ΛCDM AND MOND (2011, methodology): “The value of a0 must be constrained by observation (a0 ≈ 10−10 ms−2: Sanders & McGaugh 2002) but once specified is constant.”
Cosmological constraints on f(R) gravity theories within the Palatini approach (2005, background): “Several ways of modifying gravity in order to dispense with dark matter (Sanders & McGaugh 2002; Milgrom 1994; Moffat 2004; Bekenstein 2005; Skordis et al. 2006; Sellwood & Kosowsky 2001) or dark energy (Dvali et al. 2000; Deffayet 2001; Dvali & Turner 2003; Arkani-Hamed et al. 2002; Nojiri &…”