Appetite and inflammation, nutrition, anemia, and clinical outcome in hemodialysis patients.

By Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, G. Block, C. J. Mcallister, M. Humphreys, J. Kopple. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004

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A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease. (2008, background): “In contrast, an increase in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6 may cause loss of protein stores and also can induce anorexia with reduced nutrient intake.(29) The difference is that inflammation or other problems associated with loss of kidney function (for e”
IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-alpha: central factors in the altered cytokine network of uremia--the good, the bad, and the ugly. (2005, positive): “Indeed, Kalantar-Zadeh et al [76] have demonstrated that anorexia in hemodialysis patients is associated with higher levels of IL-6.”
Survival advantages of obesity in dialysis patients. (2005, background): “Increased release or activation of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 or TNF- , may suppress appetite (109), may cause muscle proteolysis and hypoalbuminemia, and may be involved in the processes that lead to atherosclerosis.”