Europa's Crust and Ocean: Origin, Composition, and the Prospects for Life

By J. Kargel, Jonathan Z Kaye, James W. Head III, G. Marion, O. P. Ballesteros, D. L. Hogenboom. 2000

445 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Environmental Chemistry

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0ef6b4dcd23d0c1d0b0f324de50a6a646159a52c

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Citations in the corpus

Biological energy requirements as quantitative boundary conditions for life in the subsurface (2004, background): “As defined by the long-term stability of liquid water, Earth is presently the only body in the solar system capable of supporting a surface biosphere, but Mars, Europa, and possibly others may support vast volumes of habitable space within hundreds to thousands of meters of the surface (Boston et al”
Magnetospheric interactions with satellites (2004, background): “Because the existence of liquid water is viewed as a desirable, if not necessary, property of a lifesupporting environment, there is great interest in seeking further evidence that could establish unambiguously if such a layer is present and how deeply buried it is (Kargel et al. 2000).”
Arsenic in the Evolution of Earth and Extraterrestrial Ecosystems (2009, background): “If oxidants [e.g., Mn(IV)] can also arise within the brines caused by exposure of these satellites to the effects of constant exposure to ionizing radiation stemming from Jupiter and Saturn (Chyba and Hand 2001), then As(V) can be generated from As(III) and the stage set for their utilization by ana”
Interior composition, structure and dynamics of the Galilean satellites (2004, background): “Cosmic abundance arguments (Kargel et al. 2000, Zolotov and Shock 2001) indicate that the alkali halides will be dilute for thick (tens of kilometers) oceans on the satellites, but when concentrated by freezing into a thin ocean, they may prevent complete freezing.”
Empirical constraints on the salinity of the europan ocean and implications for a thin ice shell (2007, background): “However, most models (Kargel et al., 2000; McKinnon and Zolensky, 2003; Zolotov and Shock, 2001) as well as aqueous leaching experiments (Fanale et al., 2001) suggest MgSO4, not NaCl, as the dominant salt in Europa’s ocean.”
SALTS AND RADIATION PRODUCTS ON THE SURFACE OF EUROPA (2013, background): “Sulfate has long been considered a plausible component of a Europa ocean based on both theoretical (Kargel 1991; Kargel et al. 2000) and experimental (Fanale et al. 2001) studies, though more detailed evolutionary models have suggested that sulfate could be much less abundant than initially…”
Planetary habitability: lessons learned from terrestrial analogues (2014, unknown): “The most promising icy satellites of Jupiter and Saturn, namely Europa, Enceladus and Titan, have been revealed by recent space missions to be geologically active bodies hosting a wealth of potentially habitable environments.”
The pH of Enceladus’ ocean (2015, background): “…2008; Zolotov et al., 2011); for gaining insights into geochemical processes on other icy bodies in the outer Solar System (Shock & McKinnon, 1993; Kargel et al., 2000; Glein et al., 2009); for comparing aqueous geochemistry on Enceladus to that on the modern and early Earth (Holland, 1984;…”
VLT/SINFONI OBSERVATIONS OF EUROPA: NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE SURFACE COMPOSITION (2016, background): “…chlorines was first attributed to a very low cosmic abundance ratio Cl/S (Kargel 1991) and supported by theoretical and experimental estimates of Europa’s ocean composition based on the aqueous alteration of a CM chondrite meteorite (Kargel et al. 2000; Fanale et al. 2001; Zolotov & Kargel 2009).”
Ceres’ evolution and present state constrained by shape data (2010, methodology): “Theoretical modeling of icy satellites chemistry (e.g., Kargel et al., 2000; Zolotov and Shock, 2001; Zolotov, 2007) using Cc as the starting composition indicates the magnesium-, potassium-, and sodium-sulfates, hydrates, carbonates, and chlorides are the primary constituents accumulating in the…”
PROBING FOR EVIDENCE OF PLUMES ON EUROPA WITH HST/STIS (2016, background): “Though not impossible, such temperatures and corresponding plume heights are well above Europa’s ∼100 K surface temperature and well below the eutectic temperature for any salt-rich solution that might suppress the freezing temperature of the plume source material (Kargel et al. 2000).”
Tidal heating in icy satellite oceans (2014, background): “While Europa’s ocean, at least, is electrically conductive, presumably due to brine (Khurana et al., 1998; Kargel et al., 2000), it is unclear whether satellite oceans are compositionally stratified (Goodman et al., 2004).”
Composition and stability of salts on the surface of Europa and their oceanic origin (2001, background): “However, high alkalinity is inconsistent with a predominance of magnesium sulfate in oceanic water and with precipitation of magnesium sulfate salts during freezing [Marion, 1999; Kargel et al., 2000].”
Energetic Ion and Electron Irradiation of the Icy Galilean Satellites (2001, background): “Internal degassing from the satellite mantles could vide major sources of CO 2 and SO2 (Kargel et al. 2000) but would not directly account for hemispherical asymmetries the observed surface abundances.”