Composition and stability of salts on the surface of Europa and their oceanic origin

By M. Zolotov, E. Shock. 2001

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Ceres’ evolution and present state constrained by shape data (2010, methodology): “Theoretical modeling of icy satellites chemistry (e.g., Kargel et al., 2000; Zolotov and Shock, 2001; Zolotov, 2007) using Cc as the starting composition indicates the magnesium-, potassium-, and sodium-sulfates, hydrates, carbonates, and chlorides are the primary constituents accumulating in the…”
Empirical constraints on the salinity of the europan ocean and implications for a thin ice shell (2007, background): “However, most models (Kargel et al., 2000; McKinnon and Zolensky, 2003; Zolotov and Shock, 2001) as well as aqueous leaching experiments (Fanale et al., 2001) suggest MgSO4, not NaCl, as the dominant salt in Europa’s ocean.”
Interior composition, structure and dynamics of the Galilean satellites (2004, background): “Even more remarkably, it appears to possess an internal ocean (e.g., Zimmer et al. 2000, chapter by Kivelson et al.).”