Apical ballooning of the left ventricle: first series in white patients

By W. Desmet, B. Adriaenssens, J. Dens. Heart, 2003

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Systematic Review: Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning: A Syndrome That Mimics ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (2004, background): “After the initial recognition and description of the transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome in the Japanese population, subsequent recent reports have documented the syndrome in the United States (7) and Belgium (8).”
Apical ballooning syndrome or takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. (2006, background): “Six studies measured serum levels of troponin I or T and three CK-MB fraction levels.(5,14,19) Troponin was positive in 106 of 123 patients (86.”
Apical ballooning syndrome (Tako-Tsubo or stress cardiomyopathy): a mimic of acute myocardial infarction. (2008, background): “Most if not all patients have a modest rise in cardiac troponin T that peaks within 24 hours.(14,16,18) The magnitude of increase in the biomarkers is less than that”
International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part I): Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Criteria, and Pathophysiology (2018, background): “Desmet et al.(4) introduced the first patient case series in Caucasians using the term”