Apical ballooning syndrome or takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a systematic review.

By M. Gianni, F. Dentali, A. Grandi, G. Sumner, R. Hiralal, E. Lonn. European Heart Journal, 2006

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Apical ballooning syndrome (Tako-Tsubo or stress cardiomyopathy): a mimic of acute myocardial infarction. (2008, background): “Most patients with ABS either have angiographically normal coronary arteries or mild atherosclerosis.(15,34) Obstructive coronary artery disease may rarely coexist by virtue of its prevalence in the population at risk.”
Stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy—a novel pathophysiological hypothesis to explain catecholamine-induced acute myocardial stunning (2008, background): “and a detailed systematic review of case reports and cohort studie”
International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part I): Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Criteria, and Pathophysiology (2018, background): “about one-third of patients presents without evidence of an identifiable preceding stressful event.(151) In hospitalized patients, TTS may have an atypical presentation and”
Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. (2007, background): “Patients present with an abrupt onset of angina-like chest pain, and have diffuse T-wave inversion, sometimes preceded by STsegment elevation, and mild cardiac enzyme elevation.(19) Originally described in Japan, the condition is reported in Caucasian populations in Europe and North America.”