Effects of dietary nitrate on oxygen cost during exercise

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Dietary inorganic nitrate improves mitochondrial efficiency in humans. (2011, background): “We and others have recently reported a reduction in oxygen cost in exercising healthy individuals after short-term dietary supplementation with nitrate (Bailey et al., 2009, 2010; Larsen et al., 2007, 2010).”
Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances muscle contractile efficiency during knee-extensor exercise in humans. (2010, background): “Previous studies have suggested that the reduced O2 cost of exercise with dietary NO3 supplementation was not compensated by an elevation in anaerobic metabolism, as inferred from an unchanged blood [lactate] (3, 52).”
Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. (2009, background): “Surprisingly, however, it was recently reported that 6 days of dietary supplementation with pharmacological sodium nitrate reduced the O2 cost of submaximal cycling at work rates expected to require 45–80% maximum V̇O2 (V̇O2max) (45).”
Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefits. (2009, background): “Strikingly, it has been found that dietary nitrate supplementation, at concentrations achievable by vegetable consumption, results in more efficient energy production without increasing lactate concentrations during submaximal exercise (57).”