Why Do the Poor Pay More? Exploring the Poverty Penalty Concept

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Microfinance, the long tail and mission drift (2014, background): “It is an example of a poverty penalty: the poor pay more, Mendoza (2011).”
Industrial Policy in Developing Countries : Overview and lessons from seven country cases (2011, background): “This “poverty penalty” (Mendoza 2008) applies to credit, electricity, training, business development services and other inputs crucial for the competitiveness of firms.”
Inequality and market concentration, when shareholding is more skewed than consumption (2018, unknown): “Others have shown how imperfect competition contributes to the ‘poverty penalty’ - the relatively higher cost shouldered by the poor compared to the non-poor in their participation in certain markets (e.g. Mendoza, 2011; Atkinson, 2015).”