The Oswestry Disability Index.

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The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. (2000, methodology): “The reader is referred to Fairbank and Pynsent for further details.(31) The wording and scoring system of ODI version 2.”
A Clinical Prediction Rule To Identify Patients with Low Back Pain Most Likely To Benefit from Spinal Manipulation: A Validation Study (2004, background): “The modified ODQ is a region-specific disability scale for patients with low back pain ( 25 ) that has high levels of reliability, validity, and responsiveness (26).”
Responsiveness of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale in Patients with Low Back Pain (2005, methodology): “A baseline examination was performed for all patients, during which pain intensity was assessed using the NPRS along with other measures of function and disability such as the Oswestry.(22) Patients enrolled in the study were randomly assigned to receive either a combination of manipulation and a lu”
Spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management for neuropathic pain: A multicentre randomised controlled trial in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (2007, methodology): “We used the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire to assess quality of life (McHorney et al., 1993) and the Oswestry Disability Index version 2 (ODI) to assess functional capacity (Fairbank and Pynsent, 2000).”