Subsurface Oceans on Europa and Callisto: Constraints from Galileo Magnetometer Observations

By C. Zimmer, K. Khurana, M. Kivelson. 2000

397 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/09cc2e5246f64ee10f0a88795694e4efb4b3bf74

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Citations in the corpus

The Permanent and Inductive Magnetic Moments of Ganymede (2002, methodology): “As for Europa (Kivelson et al. 2000, Zimmer et al. 2000), the icy outer layer of Ganymede cannot provide sufficient electrical conductivity to account for the response unless there is a melted layer, a water ocean, below the surface.”
Empirical constraints on the salinity of the europan ocean and implications for a thin ice shell (2007, methodology): “Estimates for ionospheric conductivity range from <5 × 10−5 to 2 × 10−4 S m−1 (Khurana et al., 2002; Saur et al., 1998; Zimmer et al., 2000).”
Tidal dissipation within large icy satellites: Applications to Europa and Titan (2005, background): “M netic data returned during the flybies of both Ganym and Callisto may also indicate a conductive layer, pro bly made of salted water, at a depth of a few hundred kilometers within these two satellites(Zimmer et al., 2000 Kivelson et al., 2002).”
Long-Term Stability of a Subsurface Ocean on Enceladus (2007, background): “However, it may be that Enceladus is only partially differentiated, and the interior similar to Callisto (Nagel et al., 2004; McKinnon, 2006), where an ocean may still be present (Zimmer et al., 2000).”
Magnetospheric ion sputtering and water ice grain size at Europa (2013, background): “…actually results in a time-varying, slightly tilted magnetic field at Europa’s orbit, but Europa’s interior conductivity (due to the presence of an ocean) cancels out the time-varying component of the field near Europa’s surface, leaving just the anti-parallel component (Zimmer et al., 2000).”
PROBING FOR EVIDENCE OF PLUMES ON EUROPA WITH HST/STIS (2016, background): “The combination of geological, compositional, gravitational, and induced magnetic field measurements all indicate a contemporary global saline liquid water ocean of ∼100 km in depth (Anderson et al. 1998; Pappalardo et al. 1998; Kivelson et al. 2000; Zimmer et al. 2000; Hand & Chyba 2007).”
Oceans in the icy Galilean satellites of Jupiter (2002, background): “Observations of electromagnetic induction signatures at Europa and Callisto have been interpreted as indicative of sublithosphere liquid water oceans in these satellites (Khurana et al., 1998; Neubauer, 1998; Kivelson et al., 1999, 2000; Zimmer et al., 2000).”
SALTS AND RADIATION PRODUCTS ON THE SURFACE OF EUROPA (2013, background): “Jupiter’s moon Europa may harbor a global salty liquid water ocean of ∼ 100 km in depth and 2-3 times the volume of all the liquid water on Earth (Anderson et al. 1998; Kivelson et al. 2000; Zimmer et al. 2000).”
Interior composition, structure and dynamics of the Galilean satellites (2004, background): “Even more remarkably, it appears to possess an internal ocean (e.g., Zimmer et al. 2000, chapter by Kivelson et al.).”