Long-Term Stability of a Subsurface Ocean on Enceladus

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High heat flow from Enceladus' south polar region measured using 10–600 cm−1 Cassini/CIRS data (2011, background): “Enceladus’ silicate interior and outer ice shell were decoupled by a global subsurface ocean or localized subsurface south polar sea [Collins and Goodman, 2007; Nimmo et al., 2007; Tobie et al., 2008; Roberts and Nimmo, 2008 ], though the long‐term steady state upper limit discussed above still app”
Planetary habitability: lessons learned from terrestrial analogues (2014, unknown): “2002; Roberts & Nimmo 2008).”
Enceladus's measured physical libration requires a global subsurface ocean (2015, background): “Models of the coupled dynamical and thermal histories of Enceladus (Roberts and Nimmo 2008; Tobie et al., 2008; Meyer and Wisdom 2008; Behounkova et al., 2012) have so far been inconclusive as to whether a global ocean could be maintained over long geologic periods.”
The pH of Enceladus’ ocean (2015, background): “Another argument against an extensive ocean (LAT > 0°) is the difficulty in preventing a large ocean from freezing over geologic timescales (Roberts & Nimmo, 2008).”
HOW THE GEYSERS, TIDAL STRESSES, AND THERMAL EMISSION ACROSS THE SOUTH POLAR TERRAIN OF ENCELADUS ARE RELATED (2014, background): “In this case, the regional sea will be shrinking due to direct mass loss at ∼200 kg s−1 and perhaps also progressively freezing (Roberts & Nimmo 2008; Behounkova et al. 2012).”