Independently Evolved Virulence Effectors Converge onto Hubs in a Plant Immune System Network

By M. S. Mukhtar, Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis, Matija Dreze, P. Epple, Jens Steinbrenner, Jonathan D. Moore, Murat Tasan, M. Galli, Tong Hao, Marc T. Nishimura and 24 more. Science, 2011

803 citations recorded by the source corpus.

An analysis of protein-protein interactions in Arabidopsis identifies the plant interactome. Plants generate effective responses to infection by recognizing both conserved and variable pathogen-encoded molecules. Pathogens deploy virulence effector proteins into host cells, where they interact physically with host proteins to modulate defense. We generated an interaction network of plant-pathogen effectors from two pathogens spanning the eukaryote-eubacteria divergence, three classes of Arabidopsis immune system proteins, and ~8000 other Arabidopsis proteins. We noted convergence of effectors onto highly interconnected host proteins and indirect, rather than direct, connections between effectors and plant immune receptors. We demonstrated plant immune system functions for 15 of 17 tested host proteins that interact with effectors from both pathogens. Thus, pathogens from different kingdoms deploy independently evolved virulence proteins that interact with a limited set of highly connected cellular hubs to facilitate their diverse life-cycle strategies.

Subfields: Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0856492823efc8c76773150abbb6253fbb91d99a

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In Plant Science

1. Trey Ideker
2. Detlef Weigel
3. Alisdair R. Fernie
4. E. Bullmore
5. M. Meena
6. Oliver Fiehn

Citations in the corpus

• Comparative metabolomics and transcriptomics of plant response to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars (2014, background): “…evolved virulence proteins that interact with a limited set of highly connected cellular hubs to facilitate their diverse life-cycle strategies (Mukhtar et al. 2011), thus the activation of a metabolic coordinated response point to the efficient mobilization of the plant resources to block the…”
• Efficiency of microbial bio-agents as elicitors in plant defense mechanism under biotic stress: A review (2021, background): “It is further divided into two classes terminal toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) or coiled-coil (CC)/resistance to powdery mildew 8 (RPW8) domains, thus they are crucial for signaling transmission (Mukhtar et al., 2011).”
• The hubs of the human connectome are generally implicated in the anatomy of brain disorders (2014, background): “For example, hub proteins, as defined by the scale-free network of interactions between proteins, are preferentially targeted by pathogens in plants (Mukhtar et al., 2011) and humans (Calderwood et al., 2007), and their mutations are lethal in yeast (Jeong et al., 2001).”
• Microbial Hub Taxa Link Host and Abiotic Factors to Plant Microbiome Variation (2016, background): “For example, many symbionts (including pathogens) deliver effector proteins to suppress, activate, or alter host defense [27,28], and some are able to completely reshuffle host metabolism [29,30].”
• Differential network biology (2012, background): “…organism represents the ultimate ‘stress’ on a system and characterizing host–pathogen PPIs using strategies that target pairwise interactions (Mukhtar et al , 2011) or protein complexes (Ja¨ger et al , 2011) will be key to understanding how host cellular pathways are re-wired during the…”