Foliage color contrasts and adaptive fruit color variation in a bird-dispersed plant community

By K. C. Burns, Jennifer L. Dalen. 2002

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Conspicuousness, not colour as foraging cue in plant–animal signalling (2004, background): “Burns and Dalen (2002) demonstrated that red fruits displayed against a contrasting background had higher removal rates.”
The role of chromatic and achromatic signals for fruit detection by birds (2006, background): “Two recent studies concluded that birds, the largest taxon of seed dispersers, prefer high contrast over low contrast fruit signals (Burns and Dalen, 2002; Schmidt et al., 2004).”
How plant¿animal interactions signal new insights in communication (2004, background): “conspicuousness can be achieved by contrast modulation [19,61, 62 ]”
Why are fruits colorful? The relative importance of achromatic and chromatic contrasts for detection by birds (2009, background): “This background was considerably larger than fruits and larger than conspicuously colored secondary structures that are associated with fruit displays (e.g., bracts; Burns and Dalen 2002).”
Nature's Swiss Army Knife: The Diverse Protective Roles of Anthocyanins in Leaves (2004, background): “Burns and Dalen [26] postulated that red-orange autumn foliage of Canadian shrub species would accentuate the conspicuousness of black-coloured fruits to birds.”