Mixing of the Organic Aerosol Fractions: Liquids as the Thermodynamically Stable Phases

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Gas uptake and chemical aging of semisolid organic aerosol particles (2011, background): “Atmospheric aerosol particles may occur as solids or liquids or as a mixture of both depending on their composition and ambient conditions (21, 22).”
Aerosol cloud precipitation interactions. Part 1. The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols (2008, background): “formed, it represents a complex multi-component solution with little tendency to re-crystallize upon evaporation (Marcolli et al., 2004).”
Evolution of organic aerosol mass spectra upon heating: implications for OA phase and partitioning behavior (2010, background): “To understand this result, we explore an alternative possibility, namely that the αP aerosol does not behave as a “sub-cooled” liquid (Marcolli et al., 2004;Cappa et al., 2008) during evaporation, but instead as a glass, wax or amorphous solid (Zobrist et al., 2008;Virtanen et al., 2010).”
The deposition ice nucleation and immersion freezing potential of amorphous secondary organic aerosol: Pathways for ice and mixed‐phase cloud formation (2012, background): “…be governed by particle phase state which in turn also depend on particle composition, mixing state, and the surrounding conditions [Martin, 2000; Marcolli et al., 2004; Abbatt et al., 2006; Zobrist et al., 2006; Murray, 2008; Zobrist et al., 2008; Mikhailov et al., 2009; Murray et al., 2010;…”