Proficiency-based virtual reality training significantly reduces the error rate for residents during their first 10 laparoscopic cholecystectomies.

By G. Ahlberg, L. Enochsson, A. Gallagher, L. Hedman, C. Hogman, D. McClusky, S. Ramel, C. Smith, D. Arvidsson. American Journal of Surgery, 2007

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Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Medicine: Analysis of the Scientific Literature (2020, positive): “The use of VR simulators helped in diagnostic and surgical procedures, such as improving novice hospital residents’ laparoscopic skills in terms of error and procedure time reduction [28].”
Virtual Reality-Based Engineering Education to Enhance Manufacturing Sustainability in Industry 4.0 (2019, background): “[24] for a medical training and education system.”
Simulation-Based Learning in Higher Education: A Meta-Analysis (2020, background): “One more type that requires complex technology is virtual reality, which is likely to facilitate immersion (e.g., Ahlberg et al., 2007).”
Training and simulation for patient safety (2010, background): “Two recent studies have measured this effect for the early part of the learning curve in the clinical environment: the curve was found to be both shorter and flatter than for groups trained in the standard manner.”