Numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow in coaxial laser cladding process for direct metal deposition

By H. Qi, Jyoti Mazumder, H. Ki. 2006

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Analytical and numerical modelling of the direct metal deposition laser process (2008, methodology): “Temperature at the surface of the workpiece laser powder [3]: (a) laser beam attenuation by a 1 m s−1 TA6V powder flow at 2 g min−1 (with 0.”
Influence of various process conditions on surface finishes induced by the direct metal deposition laser technique on a Ti-6Al-4V alloy (2013, methodology): “6 1, 2, 3 calculation of powder temperature increase T could be made using a recent and simplified model by Qi et al. (2006) where the absorption of laser light by powder was adjusted by an absorption coefficient “A” (≈0.”
An overview of Direct Laser Deposition for additive manufacturing; Part I: Transport phenomena, modeling and diagnostics (2015, methodology): “Upon entry, particles can melt near instantaneously – within 10−4 seconds upon entering a melt pool at uniform melting temperature [109].”
Modeling of thermal behavior and mass transport in multi-layer laser additive manufacturing of Ni-based alloy on cast iron (2017, neutral): “molten pool during additive manufacturing process [8].”
Progress in numerical simulation of the laser cladding process (2019, methodology): “In order to predict these dynamic phenomena numerically, level set method [24,50,55,58,59], volume of fluid method [12,48,51,52,56,60–62], finite element method [10,63–68] and finite difference method [31] have been adopted in”