Lutein, zeaxanthin, and the macular pigment.

By J. Landrum, R. Bone. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2001

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Xanthophylls in Microalgae: From Biosynthesis to Biotechnological Mass Production and Application (2003, background): “One functional benefit of xanthophyll presence is that it reduces chromatic aberration in the eyes [52, 76].”
Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye. (2003, background): “Based on the studies described above there are several mechanisms that could explain why lutein and zeaxanthin might be protective molecules in the eye (89, 90).”
The role of carotenoids in the prevention of human pathologies. (2004, background): “Age-related macular degeneration which affects the macula lutea of the retina, the area of maximal visual acuity is a major cause for irreversible blindness among the elderly in the Western world [125].”
Changes in Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Pigment Concentrations during Leaf Ontogeny (2007, background): “Dietary intake of foods rich in lutein and b-carotene is associated with reduced risk of lung cancer and chronic eye diseases, such as cataracts and age-related macular (Le Marchand et al., 1993; Ames et al., 1995; Landrum and Bone, 2001).”