Clinical applications of arterial stiffness; definitions and reference values.

By Michael F. O'Rourke, J. Staessen, C. Vlachopoulos, D. Duprez, G. Plante. American Journal of Hypertension, 2002

1,179 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Arterial stiffening is the most important cause of increasing systolic and pulse pressure, and for decreasing diastolic pressure beyond 40 years of age. Stiffening affects predominantly the aorta and proximal elastic arteries, and to a lesser degree the peripheral muscular arteries. While conceptually a Windkessel model is the simplest way to visualize the cushioning function of arteries, this is not useful clinically under changing conditions when effects of wave reflection become prominent. Many measures have been applied to quantify stiffness, but all are approximations only, on account of the nonhomogeneous structure of the arterial wall, its variability in different locations, at different levels of distending pressure, and with changes in smooth muscle tone. This article summarizes the methods and indices used to estimate arterial stiffness, and provides values from a survey of the literature, followed by recommendations of an international group of workers in the field who attended the First Consensus Conference on Arterial Stiffness, which was held in Paris during 2000, under the chairmanship of M.E. Safar and E.D. Frohlich.

Subfields: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

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In Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Citations in the corpus

Quarterly Focus Issue: Prevention/OutcomeClinical Research: Cardiovascular RiskPrediction of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality With Arterial Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2010, neutral): “…stiffness have been published to date (including the European guidelines for arterial hypertension that suggested aortic PWV as a tool for assessment of subclinical target organ damage) (1,2,4–7,33), the present study is the ﬁrst meta-analysis to provide robust pooled estimates of this role.”
High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2013, background): “41 Two studies demonstrated higher endothelial derived nitric oxide production in the HIIT group.”
Recommendations for Improving and Standardizing Vascular Research on Arterial Stiffness (2015, positive): “It is reasonable to measure arterial stiffness clinically by determining PWV (Class IIa; Level of Evidence A).(1)”
Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications. (2006, methodology): “Indeed, the stiffness of the common carotid artery is six-fold higher in a 70-year-old normotensive subject than at the age of 20.(4,29,30) Moreover, in elderly patients with hypertension or diabetes, the carotid artery may become stiffer than either the common femoral or radial arteries, which stif”