Functions of Intact Carotenoids

By G. Britton. 2008

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Lipid recovery from wet oleaginous microbial biomass for biofuel production: A critical review (2016, background): “Most carotenoids are naturally occurring in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes, fitting into or spanning across the lipid bilayer membrane [55].”
A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health. (2018, background): “Their colors contribute to attract pollinators (in the case of flowers) and seed dispersing animals (in fruits) [41, 42].”
Carotenoid-based signals in behavioural ecology : a review (2011, background): “Xanthophylls, in particular, are capable of physically stabilizing the phospholipid cell membrane and, therefore, protect cell integrity (Young & Lowe, 2001; Britton, 2008).”
Carotenoids from fruits and vegetables: Chemistry, analysis, occurrence, bioavailability and biological activities. (2015, background): “The molecular structure of β-carotene chromophore is shown in figure 1b; the eleven conjugated double bonds form the chromophore of the molecule, which absorb light in visible range of electromagnetic spectrum (400-500nm) (Britton, 2008).”