Molecular Pathways: Next-Generation Immunotherapy—Inhibiting Programmed Death-Ligand 1 and Programmed Death-1

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy (2022, background): “The expression of PD-L1 was also found to impair cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) protection and reduce chronic viral infections [100].”
The Where, the When, and the How of Immune Monitoring for Cancer Immunotherapies in the Era of Checkpoint Inhibition (2016, background): “PD-L1 is strongly induced by IFNg , resulting in adaptive expression on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells as a negative feedback mechanism (23, 24).”
Oncology meets immunology: the cancer-immunity cycle. (2013, background): “This class of molecules, including PD-L1:PD-1 (reviewed in Chen et al., 2012; Topalian et al., 2012a), emphasizes that the immune response in cancer reflects a series of carefully regulated events that may be optimally addressed not singly but as a group.”
Classifying cancers based on T cell infiltration and PD-L1 (2015, positive): “219 This suggests that the degree of mutagenesis may directly or 220 indirectly correlate with the degree of immunogenicity of any 221 given tumor (37).”
Predictive correlates of response to the anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer patients (2014, background): “1) by physical examination and radiographic assessment, primarily computed tomography scan30 and immune-related response criteria17; and/or (2) loss of clinical benefit as assessed by the investigator; and/or (3) unacceptable toxicity as assessed by the investigator.”