A comparison of vowel normalization procedures for language variation research.

By P. Adank, R. Smits, R. van Hout. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2004

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Formant frequencies of vowels in 13 accents of the British Isles (2010, methodology): “The so-called Lobanov (z-score) transform was applied to each formant separately and for each speaker independently in order to erase physiologically-induced acoustic variation (Lobanov 1971, Adank et al. 2004).”
Variation and change in the trap and strut vowels of RP: a real time comparison of five acoustic data sets (2007, methodology): “The procedures which performed best in preserving phonemic information, reducing anatomical/physiological variation, and preserving regional or sociolinguistic information (Adank et al. 2004: 3105) were those which were classified as vowel-extrinsic and formant-intrinsic.”
An Empirical Study on L2 Accents of Cross-lingual Text-to-Speech Systems via Vowel Space (2022, methodology): “We apply the renowned Lobanov normalization method [28] to normalize speaker information on the vowel space, as many other linguistics researchers have proven its effectiveness [29, 30].”