The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood - Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ~14 000 F and G dwarfs

By B. Nordström, M. Mayor, J. Andersen, J. Holmberg, F. Pont, B. Jørgensen, E. H. Olsen, S. Udry, Nami Mowlavi. 2004

1,663 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age, kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a com- plete, magnitude-limited, and kinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our ∼63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500 stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sample and, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcos parallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities, complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-quality velocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures and metallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. The remaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Am ajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone ages for all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has been given to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and error estimates, as standard techniques tend to under- estimate these effects and introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agree well with those by Edvardsson et al. (1993), despite several astrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate, however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause the distribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of the true age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations of the Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presented here, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and the age-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of the Solar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor G dwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the "G dwarf problem"), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk, the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since its formation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, and the continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiency consistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giant molecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the V component of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity, corresponding to the effects of stochas- tic spiral waves rather than classical moving groups, and may complicate the identification of thick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of this rich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteria for the sample and the distribution of observational errors.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

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Citations in the corpus

THE APOGEE RED-CLUMP CATALOG: PRECISE DISTANCES, VELOCITIES, AND HIGH-RESOLUTION ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES OVER A LARGE AREA OF THE MILKY WAY'S DISK (2014, background): “…combined with the fact that there is only a weak correlation observed in the solar neighborhood between age and metallicity (Edvardsson et al. 1993; Nordström et al. 2004), means that the RC sampling of the metallicity distribution of stellar populations older than one Gyr should be relatively…”
The Galaxy and its stellar halo: insights on their formation from a hybrid cosmological approach (2008, background): “6 shows a very shallow agemetallicity relation with a broader tail towards lower metallicities for older stars, in qualitative agreement with observational measurements (Nordström et al. 2004, see also Holmberg, Nordström & Andersen 2007).”
Stellar Abundance and Galactic Chemical Evolution through LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey (2006, background): “Earlier and recent extensive work has been concentrated on the ubvyβ photometric or/and photoelectric surveys of the nearby F and G stars (Olsen 1983, 1993, 1994; Feltzing et al. 2001; Nordstrom et al. 2004).”
RADIAL VELOCITIES OF SOUTHERN VISUAL MULTIPLE STARS (2014, background): “Many SBs among the nearby F- and G-dwarfs were discovered by the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey (GCS) of Nordström et al. (2004).”
Stellar and substellar companions of nearby stars from Gaia DR2 (2018, neutral): “Holmberg et al. (2007) (Geneva-Copenhagen survey), 4.”
3D maps of the local ISM from inversion of individual color excess measurements (2013, positive): “We, then, added the catalog of color excess and distances derived for the target stars from the latest revision of the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey (Nordström et al.(2004), Casagrande et al.(2011)).”
PASTIS: Bayesian extrasolar planet validation. I. General framework, models, and performance (2014, methodology): “For the BEB and BTP scenarios, we randomly assigned a centreof-mass velocity for the background system and the target star by drawing samples from the Nordström et al. (2004) distribution of RVs of nearby stars.”
Merger Histories of Galaxy Halos and Implications for Disk Survival (2007, background): “The thin disk has vertical scale height that is just ∼ 10% of its radial scale length (Siegel et al. 2002; Juric et al. 2005; Newberg et al. 2006), and contains stars as old as ∼ 10 Gyr (Nordström et al. 2004).”
Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission . VI. CoRoT-Exo-3b: the first secure inhabitant of the brown-dwarf desert (2008, neutral): “For the very large (over 20 000 stars) Doppler mid-accuracy survey made by CORAVEL (Nordström et al. 2004), the lack of sensitivity may have prevented these surveys from detecting such companions orbiting fast rotating stars.”
The Gaia-ESO Survey : radial metallicity gradients and age-metallicity relation of stars in the Milky Way disk (2014, background): “Nordström et al. (2004) noted a change of slope of the radial 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 age (Gyr) [F e/ H ] 4500.00 5375.00 6250.00 7125.00 8000.00 Teff 50% 50% 30% 3% Highest Teff 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 age (Gyr) −1.0 −0.8 −0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 [F e/ H ] 5500 K 5750 K 6000…”
The lifetimes of spiral patterns in disc galaxies (2010, background): “It has been clear for some time that the velocity dispersion of disc stars in the solar neighbourhood rises with age (Wielen 1977; Nordström et al. 2004) and also, for main sequence stars, with colour (Aumer & Binney 2009), which is a surrogate for mean age.”
Debris Disks around Sun-like Stars (2007, methodology): “Next, systems that were obviously young ( less than 1 Gyr) were removed, using the measurements of Nordstrom et al. (2004).”
LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (LEGUE) — The survey's science plan (2012, background): “These data also enlarge the sample of the nearby bright starsand will be a significant improvement over the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey (Nordström et al. 2004, hereaft r GCS).”
Chemical evolution with radial mixing (2008, methodology): “The selection of Nordström et al. (2004) is designed to exclude red giant branch (RGB) stars from the data set.”
Effects of supernova feedback on the formation of galaxy discs (2008, background): “The stellar halo is found to be the most metal-poor component, the thin disk and the bulge are the most metal-rich components (e.g. Ryan & Nories 1991; Chiba & Beers 2000; Zoccali et al. 2003; Nordström et al. 2004).”
Accurate masses and radii of normal stars: modern results and applications (2009, background): “Computing stellar ages and – especially – their uncertainty in practice is, however, a complex procedure fraught with pitfalls (see, e.g., the extensive discussion in Nordström et al. 2004).”
EVOLVING GRAVITATIONALLY UNSTABLE DISKS OVER COSMIC TIME: IMPLICATIONS FOR THICK DISK FORMATION (2011, background): “In particular, the age-velocity dispersion-metallicity correlation of stars in the solar neighborhood (Nordström et al. 2004), might well be explained by means of gravitational instability in high redshift disks (Bournaud et al. 2009).”