American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association Consensus Statement on Inpatient Glycemic Control
By E. Moghissi, M. Korytkowski, Monica Dinardo, D. Einhorn, Richard Hellman, I. Hirsch, Silvio E. Inzucchi, F. Ismail-Beigi, M. S. Kirkman, G. Umpierrez. Diabetes Care, 2009
1,619 citations recorded by the source corpus.
People with diabetes are more likely to be hospitalized and to have longer durations of hospital stay than those without diabetes. A recent survey estimated that 22% of all hospital inpatient days were incurred by people with diabetes and that hospital inpatient care accounted for half of the 174 billion USD total U.S. medical expenditures for this disease (1). These findings are due, in part, to the continued expansion of the worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes. In the U.S. alone, there are ∼1.6 million new cases of diabetes each year, with an over all prevalence of 23.6 million people (7.8% of the population, with one-fourth of the cases remaining undiagnosed). An additional 57 million American adults are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (2). Although the costs of illness-related stress hyperglycemia are not known, they are likely to be considerable in light of the poor prognosis of such patients (3–6). There is substantial observational evidence linking hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients (with or without diabetes) to poor outcomes. Cohort studies as well as a few early randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have suggested that intensive treatment of hyperglycemia improved hospital outcomes (5–8). In 2004, this evidence led the American College of Endocrinology (ACE) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), in collaboration with the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and other medical organizations, to develop recommendations for treatment of inpatient hyperglycemia (9). In 2005, the ADA added recommendations for treatment of hyperglycemia in the hospitalto itsannual Standards of Medical Care (10). Recommendations from the ACE and the ADA generally endorsed tight glycemic control in critical care units. For patients in general medical and surgical units, where RCT evidence regarding treatment targets was lacking, glycemic goals similar to those advised for outpatients were advocated (9, …
Subfields: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Molecular Biology
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In Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
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Citations in the corpus
- Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients in non-critical care setting: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. (2012, background): “POC testing is usually performed four times daily: before meals and at bedtime for patients who are eating (16, 21).”
- Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2014 (2013, methodology): “Insulin infusion protocols with demonstrated safety and efficacy, resulting in low rates of hypoglycemia, are highly recommended (560).”
- Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2012 (2011, methodology): “SSI is potentially dangerous in type 1 diabetes (410).”
- Impact of HbA1c Measurement on Hospital Readmission Rates: Analysis of 70,000 Clinical Database Patient Records (2014, background): “Recommended standards of care which encourage discontinuation of medications on admission and might prompt changes in medications based on glucose control were only recently adopted [17].”